Os tratamentos das superfícies dos implantes dentários osseointegráveis sofreram modificações significativas com o objetivo de melhorar a estabilidade primária e secundária. Entre as modificações destaca-se a deposição de íons, como flúor, cálcio e magnésio. Estes íons possuem baixa taxa de degradação no meio corpóreo e ótima interação biológica com as células e com os tecidos ósseos. No presente trabalho, para avaliar os efeitos do F, Ca e do Mg na osseointegração foram realizados ensaios in vitro e in vivo. Implantes foram inseridos em tíbias de coelhos e determinou-se os torques de inserção e remoção após 2, 4 e 8 semanas. Os ensaios in vivo foram complementados pela medida da rugosidade, molhabilidade e análise da superfície em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos com implantes com a superfície tratada com ácido (superfície Porous) e com deposição de flúor (superfície Porous Nano). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o torque para remover os implantes Porous 8 semanas após a cirurgia foi de 16,96 + 1,32 N.cm, o tratado com flúor apresentou melhores resultados (17,93 ± 4,47 N.cm) e a superfície com Ca e Mg foi a que apresentou a interface osso-implante com menor resistência (10,83 + 1,20 N.cm). O maior torque indica que a adição de flúor facilita os mecanismos envolvidos na osseointegração dos implantes e permite o carregamento da prótese em tempos menores.

Surfaces treatments improve the primary and secondary stability of dental implants. Among surfaces modifications the deposition of ions, such as fluorine, calcium and magnesium has been studied. These ions have low degradation rate in the body environment and great biological interaction with the cells and bone tissue. In the present work, in vitro and in vivo test evaluated the effects of F, Ca and Mg in osseointegration. Implants were inserted into the tibia of rabbits, insertion and removal torque was measured after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. In vivo testing was complemented by measuring the roughness, wettability and surface analysis in scanning electron microscopy. The results were compared with those obtained with implants with the acid treated surface (Porous surface) and fluoride deposition (Porous Nano surface). The results showed that the group treated with fluoride showed better results on the removal torque (17.93 ± 4.47 N.cm) and the surface with Ca and Mg (10,83 + 1,20 N.cm) ) showed the lowest bone-interface implant resistance. The higher torque indicates that the addition of fluoride facilitates the mechanisms involved in the dental implant osseointegration and allows the loading of the prosthesis in early time.

The purpose of the present work is to compare the mechanical properties of commercially available NiTi orthodontic archwires lots. Superelastic (SE) and heat-activated (HA) NiTi archwires from two lots of six manufacturers (3M, GAC, Tp, Orthosource, Orthometric and Morelli) were partitioned into eleven groups (n=132) and tested under three-point bending tests. The difference between the highest (151.35 gf, Tp) and lowest (98.43 gf, 3M) unloading stresses among SE groups was 53.77% (p<.05), while the difference between Tp and Orthosource HA group was 168.20% (p<.05). Between same manufacturer lots, Tp SE showed the highest average unloading stress difference (50.7%) while GAC SE disclosed the lowest difference (0.25%) at p<.05. HA wires showed better mechanical properties than SE wires, however there was no evidences of shape memory effect. Matches were seen between SE and HA from different and same manufacturers (p>.05), whereupon there are equivalences in wires commercial offered at different costs.

The use of materials for biomedical applications has become vital to enhance the quality of life and longevity of human beings. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium alloys are the most adequate materials for some biomedical applications, but cpTi and the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti G5) have limitations for biomedical application due to low mechanical strength and the possibility of ion release, respectively. In order to address this problem, commercially pure ultrafine grained titanium (UFG Ti) obtained by severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been suggested as a promising alternative for biomedical applications. This thermomechanical process is able to improve the strength of cpTi and titanium alloys while keeping their excellent biocompatibility. The purpose of this review was to compare the mechanical strength of UFG Ti, cpTi and a Ti G5 alloy. In addition, the biological performance of UFG Ti was also evaluated by in vivo testing. Prodigious improvements were seen in surface topography, wettability and in homogeneity of oxide layer. The overall improvements in microstructure provided by ECAP technique coupled with surface etching resulted in a remarkable performance of cpTi alloy for biomedical applications.

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of cortical thickness and bone density on the insertion torque of a mini-implant (MI) with microthreads. Mini-implants with lengths of 6 and 8 mm in the active part were inserted into synthetic bone blocks (polyurethane resin). The density of these blocks was 20 pounds per cubic foot (pcf), simulating bone marrow, and that of blocks 1, 2, and 3-mm-thick blocks was 40 pcf, simulating cortical bone. Blocks with uniform density of 40 pcf were also used to simulate bone areas of greater density. Insertion torque was quantified with a universal testing machine (EMIC). For both MIs, increasing insertion torque was associated with increasing cortical bone thickness. For the same MI length, significant differences were observed among all assessed groups. The insertion torque of the 6-mm-long MI inserted in a 3-mm-thick cortical bone was equivalent to that of the 8-mm-long MI inserted in a 1-mm-thick cortical bone. MIs inserted in bone blocks of greater density presented insertion torque values almost twice as high as those in other groups. The shorter MI, the lower the insertion torque, and the greater the cortical bone thickness, the greater the insertion torque. To minimize fracture risk, the size of MI should be selected according to the insertion site.

OBJETIVOS: os objetivos foram determinar os torques de inserção, a resistência mecânica à fratura da ponta e do perfil transmucoso de mini-implantes (MI) de uma marca comercial (Conexão Sistemas de Prótese), e analisar sua morfologia de superfície. MÉTODOS: foram realizados testes mecânicos para medir o torque de inserção dos MI em corticais de diferentes espessuras, também foi avaliada a resistência à fratura da ponta e do perfil transmucoso. Antes e após os ensaios mecânicos, foi avaliada a superfície dos MI no microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). RESULTADOS: os valores de resistência à fratura dos MI (22,14N.cm2 e 54,95N.cm2) foram maiores e estatisticamente diferentes (p < 0,05) dos torques de inserção nas corticais de 1mm (7,60N.cm2) e de 2mm (13,27N.cm2). Entretanto, o valor do torque de inserção na cortical de 3mm (16,11N.cm2) e no osso denso (23,95N.cm2) foi estatisticamente semelhante (p > 0,05) ao torque de fratura da ponta do MI (22,14N.cm2). O torque de fratura do perfil transmucoso (54,95N.cm2) foi maior e estatisticamente diferente (p < 0,05) dos torques de inserção em qualquer uma das situações testadas. A análise em MEV mostrou que os MI, como recebidos e após os testes mecânicos, possuem superfícies lisas e sem marcas significativas oriundas do processo de fabricação. CONCLUSÃO: os MI avaliados apresentaram adequada morfologia da superfície. A resistência do MI foi compatível com a instalação em corticais de 1 e 2mm, porém, em cortical de 3mm e em ossos densos recomenda-se prévia perfuração com broca.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure insertion torque, tip mechanical resistance to fracture and transmucosal neck of mini-implants (MI) (Conexão Sistemas de PróteseT), as well as to analyze surface morphology. METHODS: Mechanical tests were carried out to measure the insertion torque of MIs in different cortical thicknesses, and tip mechanical resistance to fracture as well as transmucosal neck of MIs. Surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the mechanical tests. RESULTS: Values of mechanical resistance to fracture (22.14 N.cm and 54.95 N.cm) were higher and statistically different (P < 0.05) from values of insertion torque for 1-mm (7.60 N.cm) and 2-mm (13.27 N.cm) cortical thicknesses. Insertion torque was statistically similar (P > 0.05) to torsional fracture in the tip of MI (22.14 N.cm) when 3 mm cortical thickness (16.11 N.cm) and dense bone (23.95 N.cm) were used. Torsional fracture of the transmucosal neck (54.95 N.cm) was higher and statistically different (P < 0.05) from insertion torsional strength in all tested situations. SEM analysis showed that the MIs had the same smooth surface when received from the manufacturer and after the mechanical tests were performed. Additionally, no significant marks resulting from the manufacturing process were observed. CONCLUSION: All mini-implants tested presented adequate surface morphology. The resistance of mini-implants to fracture safely allows placement in 1 and 2-mm cortical thickness. However, in 3-mm cortical thickness and dense bones, pre-drilling with a bur is recommended before insertion.

INTRODUÇÃO: foram avaliadas as forças de cisalhamento após colagem de braquetes ortodônticos em superfícies resinosas microparticuladas ou micro-híbridas, após diferentes tratamentos de superfície. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 280 corpos de prova, divididos em grupos de 10 elementos cada, sendo 140 preenchidos com resina microparticulada Durafill e 140 com resina micro-híbrida Charisma. Os tratamentos de superfície envolveram: ácido fosfórico, ácido fluorídrico, jato de bicarbonato de sódio, jato de óxido de alumínio, pedra e broca. A silanagem foi utilizada em metade dos grupos. O cisalhamento foi realizado com a máquina universal de testes EMIC DL 10000 MF, com célula de 10kg e velocidade de 0,5mm/min. As comparações entre as forças de cisalhamento foram obtidas por meio da análise de variância, e o grau de interação entre os tipos de compósito e o preparo de superfície foram obtidos por meio de uma regressão multivariada. RESULTADOS: as médias e desvios-padrão foram: jato de bicarbonato = 11,27 ± 2,78; broca = 9,26 ± 3,01; pedra = 7,95 ± 3,67; jato de óxido de alumínio = 7,04 ± 3,21; ácido fosfórico = 5,82 ± 1,90; ácido fluorídrico = 4,54 ± 2,87; e sem preparo = 2,75 ± 1,49. Um acréscimo de 1,94MPa foi obtido com o uso do compósito Charisma. A silanagem reduziu em 0,68MPa as médias do compósito Charisma, e aumentou o Durafill com uso do jato de bicarbonato (0,83), broca (0,98) e pedra (0,46). CONCLUSÃO: os preparos com jato de bicarbonato, broca e pedra obtiveram médias de forças apropriadas para colagem. O compósito Charisma apresentou forças de maior intensidade que as da resina Durafill.

INTRODUCTION: The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to micro-hybrid and micro-particulate resins under different surface treatment methods was assessed. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty test samples were divided into 28 groups (n = 10), where 140 specimens were filled with Durafill micro-particulate resin and 140 with Charisma composite. In 140 samples, a coupling agent (silane) was applied. The surface treatment methods were: Phosphoric and hydrofluoric acid etching, sodium bicarbonate and aluminum oxide blasting, stone and burs. A Universal Instron Machine was used to apply an occlusal shear force directly to the resin composite bracket surface at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The means were compared using analysis of variance and multivariate regression to assess the interaction between composites and surface treatment methods. RESULTS: Means and standard deviations for the groups were: Sodium bicarbonate jet 11.27±2.78; burs 9.26±3.01; stone 7.95±3.67; aluminum oxide blasting 7.04±3.21; phosphoric acid 5.82±1.90; hydrofluoric acid 4.54±2.87, and without treatment 2.75±1.49. An increase of 1.94 MPa in shear bond strength was seen in Charisma groups. Silane agent application reduced the Charisma shear bond strength by 0.68 Mpa, but increased Durafill means for bicarbonate blasting (0.83), burs (0.98) and stone drilling (0.46). CONCLUSION: The sodium bicarbonate blasting, burs and stone drilling methods produced adequate shear bond strength and may be suitable for clinical use. The Charisma micro hybrid resin composite showed higher shear bond means than Durafill micro particle composite.